Principles Of Management Nokia Marketing Essay

Standards Of Management Nokia Marketing Essay When Nokia telephones were first presented, they required a great deal of advancing and publicizing since they were not perceived enough to sell dependent on their quality and offers to their buyers, so this is the place Nokia went through the greatest amount of cash advancing their merchandise and building up their image as an innovator in the interchanges advertise. These allude to government arrangements, guidelines and legitimate issues in the nation of activity. For instance, work laws, tax collection strategy and government solidness. Political choices can affect on numerous significant regions for business, for example, the training of the workforce, the country wellbeing and the nature of the economy foundation, for example, the street and rail framework. Lawful limitations, for example, 3G, must be considered in light of the fact that numerous organizations intend to make a benefit so they might be enticed to misguide their clients about valuing, items quality and the accessibility of their products. Additionally, they may attempt to cut costs by utilizing lower quality materials in their items, for example, more fragile assets for Nokia cases and batteries. Additionally a few organizations may set out their loss in manners that hurt the earth without guaranteeing exclusive expectations of cleanliness and security in the working environment. Counting, outlet stores, which are illicit and can cause lawful issues for organizations. In 2000, the UK Government began to acknowledge offers from thirteen organizations who needed to run a permit to sell cutting edge cell phones. It raised  £22.47, a perfect whole to anyone. A few organizations consider benefits to be more significant than a solid moral code and this can run conduct and business direct. Some untrustworthy practices are unlawful and organizations can not get engaged with them. Anyway there are likewise a few practices that are lawful by law however are considered exceptionally exploitative by the expending open. Organizations who take on in these practices can lose a ton of piece of the overall industry on the off chance that they are gotten. For instance, restorative testing on creatures is legitimate, however a portion of the overall population arent glad about it and blacklist. In view of this organizations, organizations must be exceptionally wary about how they behave. In the correspondences advertise, innovation is most presumably the most significant factor that organizations like Nokia need to consider. They should stay up with the latest with all the most up to date mechanical advances, for example, camera and video telephones, on the off chance that they plan to get the greatest piece of the overall industry and stay in front of their rivals, for example, Sony and Panasonic.

How to Meet People in College

Step by step instructions to Meet People in College Realizing how to meet individuals in school can be more testing than you may have anticipated. There are huge amounts of understudies, truly, however it very well may be difficult to make singular associations in the groups. In the event that youre not certain where to begin, think about one of these ten thoughts: Join a club. You dont need to know anybody in the club to go along with; you simply need to have a general enthusiasm about the clubs exercises and mission. Discover a club that intrigues you and head to a gathering regardless of whether its the center of the semester. Join an intramural games group. Intramurals can be perhaps the best element of being in school. Youll get some activity in, get familiar with some extraordinary athletic abilities, and obviously! make some extraordinary companions all the while. Volunteer on or off grounds. Chipping in can be a simple method to meet individuals. In the event that you locate a volunteer program or gathering that shares your qualities, you can have any kind of effect in your locale while likewise making some close to home associations with individuals simply like you. Win-win! Go to a strict help nearby. Strict people group can resemble a home away from home. Discover a help you like and the connections will normally blossom. Find a near by line of work. Probably the most straightforward approaches to meet people is to find a nearby line of work that includes associating with heaps of individuals. Regardless of whether its creation espressos a grounds bistro or conveying mail, working with others is an extraordinary method to become more acquainted with many individuals. Engage with an administration opportunity. Being bashful or a self observer doesnt mean you dont have solid initiative aptitudes. Regardless of whether youre running for understudy government or simply electing to sort out a program for your club, serving in a position of authority can permit you to interface with others. Start an investigation gathering. While the fundamental objective of an examination bunch is to concentrate on scholastics, theres likewise a significant social side. Locate a couple of individuals who you think would function admirably in an investigation gathering and check whether everybody needs to enable each other to out. Work for the grounds paper. Regardless of whether your grounds delivers a day by day paper or a week by week one, joining the staff can be an extraordinary method to meet others. Youll associate with your individual staff individuals, however youll likewise interface with a wide range of different people doing meetings and research. Work for the grounds yearbook. Much the same as the paper, the grounds yearbook can be an extraordinary method to associate. Youll meet huge amounts of people while striving to archive all that occurs during your time in school. Start your own club or association! it might sound senseless or in any event, scaring from the outset, however beginning your own club or association can be an extraordinary method to meet others. Also, regardless of whether just a couple of people appear for your first gathering, that is as yet a triumph. Youll have discovered a couple of individuals you share something in a similar manner as and who, in a perfect world, you can become more acquainted with somewhat better.

SEC Admissions! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

SEC Admissions! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions SEC Admissions! For the last four years, the senior admissions people from all 12 of the SEC universities have gathered together to talk about admissions policies, recruiting, best policies in higher education, and other topics related to student enrollment. This year, we are lucky enough to be visiting the University of Alabama, and they have been a great host (except for all of the crimson and cream color schemes!). While we are rivals on the athletic fields, we all have the same focus in admissions trying to help students find the right college fit. We try to get an understanding of what each college does best in trying to work with their prospective and current students, and see if their ideas can help us in our interaction with parents and students. As such, I will be out of the office until Thursday morning, so any wait-list and/or transfer information will have to wait until the end of the week, but hopefully a majority of your questions might be answered just by patience and a little time. And by the way, this post marks my 100th post on this blog! Go Dawgs!!

Charles Horton Cooley and the Symbolic Interactionism Theory

Charles Horton Cooley and the Symbolic Interactionism Theory Should we associate the abandonment of ‘self’ with symbolic interactionism? Do you feel the need to ‘change your stripes’ to fit in with society? ‘An individual is an abstraction unknown to experience, and so likewise is society when regarded as something apart from individuals.... Society and individuals do not denote separable phenomena, but are simply collective and distributive aspects of the same thing†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Thomas Francis O Dea) In this aspect of his theory, Charles Horton Cooley, a symbolic interactionist, concluded that our sense of ’self’ develops from interactions with others. Cooley described this process as the looking -glass self. The looking- glass self†¦show more content†¦The only problem with this idea is that it leaves the idea of originality to be an outcast on society. Being different from every one is a call for prejudice, harassment, and not being part of the societies typical norms. We should be able to see a person for their general or master accomplishments and their abilities†¦not if the society excepts them as an individual. The theory it self is an outline for and how to make someone an outcast. If a person comes along and is living in society and doesn’t bother too much about his appearance or materialistic things, is he/she an outcast. By Cooley’s theory he/she is an out cast because in his theory he states, ‘The imagination of our appearance to the other person, the imagination of his judgment of that appearance, and some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification.’ (Coser) If this individual chooses to believe and go by what he wants and not what the society wants him to go by, he is shunned and considered an outcast, when in actuality society is the outcast for trying to be like every one else. Cooley also states that ‘If†¦we say that society is an organism, we mean†¦that it is a complex of forms of proces ses each of which is living and growing by interaction with the others, the whole being so unified that what takes place in one part affects all the rest. It is a vast tissue of reciprocal activity.’ (Coser) In this part of his theory I interpreted it as if we deny the chance for your individual to growShow MoreRelatedSymbolic Interactionism2313 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Sociology 10 Professor Arkadie Symbolic Interaction Perspective There are several sociological perspectives including functionalism, conflict, social exchange, and sociological imagination. The one that will be talked about within this paper is called symbolic interaction. Symbolic interaction does not focus on social structure like other sociological perspectives do, symbolic interaction is based on small, mostly person to person ideas and perspectives on what symbols mean between peopleRead MoreCharles Horton Cooley s Concept Of The Looking Glass Self870 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1902, Charles Horton Cooley fashioned the concept of the looking-glass ‘self,’ this concept was researched to learn how identity is shaped. The authors concluded that people shape their identity based on the perception of how they think others view them. Three ideas comprise the looking-glass ‘self’: First, we see in our mind’s eye how we appear to others, second we imagine their judgment of how we appear to them, and third we develop our ‘self’ (our own identity) receiving the judgments fromRead MoreWhat I Have Learned From A Social Theory Class1240 Words   |  5 PagesMead Cooley In this sociology paper I will present what I have learned from this social theory class. We learned about many miraculous theorists such as Karl Marx, Auguste Comete, Herb Spencer, Emile Durkheim and many more theorists. I will present what I have learned by comparing and contrasting George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley. This paper will examine what both of these great theorists studied, some of their background info and theory. George Herbert Mead George Herbert MeadRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism, By George Herbert Mead And Charles Horton Cooley937 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that is influential in many areas of the sociological discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. Symbolic interactionism is derived from American pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead. Herbert Blumer, a student and interpreter of Mead, coined the term symbolic interactionism and put forward an influential summary of the perspective: people act toward things based on the meaningRead MoreExample Of The Three Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1044 Words   |  5 Pages Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Nanesha Greathouse HCC Abstract This paper describes the three major theoretical perspectives in Sociology: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict theory. Sociologists developed these theoretical perspectives to help explain the way individuals conduct themselves and to help us to gain a better understanding of the world around us. Throughout this paper, the reader will learn about each perspective and its origin as well as additionalRead MoreTaking a Look at the Labeling Theory909 Words   |  4 Pages The labeling theory is one of the critical perspective sociological theories of crime. Labeling theory was the first of the critical perspectives and like the other critical perspectives, it considers defining crime, as well as applying a label to those who commit what is defined as a crime to be problematic. Among the issues addressed by labeling theory are defining deviance based on primary deviance through implementing a label on the offender, discrimination by formal institutions, as well asRead Mo reEffects of Online Dating on Society 1875 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch that allow for their theories to be used on many different subjects. Two theories that fall into the category of fitting many subjects are Symbolic Interactionism and Functionalism. The theorist who studied these particular theories allowed for them to be used with many different subjects. The theory of Symbolic Interactionism was studied by theorists such as George Mead, with the help of his student and interpreter Herbert Blumer, and George Cooley. While all of these theoristsRead MoreSymbolic Interaction Theory By George Herbert Mead1122 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolic interaction theory emerged in the early 1900s and is still one of the more frequently used theories in the family studies (Smith Hamon, 2012). The theory assumes that people have different interpretations of situations due to their personal experiences (Smith Hamon, 2012). By looking at the behaviors of individuals, symbolic interaction theory explains how multiple people have different reactions to the same situation (Smith Hamon, 2012). Four principal scholars explored the symbolicRead MoreThe Major Theories of Sociology Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolic Interactionism In the field of sociology, sociologists use many different theories to base their ideas and observations on; however, the three major theories that are used are symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. It is these three theories that will be the focus of this paper. To begin with, we will start with symbolic interactionism. Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead developed symbolic interactionism. In order to understand what this theory isRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Actions, Decisions, Behavior, And Other External Elements Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesEarly sociologists, instrumental in the development of sociology’s three foundational theories, --George Herbert Meade, Charles Horton Cooley, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx-- established the framework of symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. Each played key roles in establishing the levels and focuses of analysis that are used in applying the three theoretical perspectives to the study of human actions, decisions, behavior, and other external

Top Do My Research Papers Tips!

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Different Issues About Sex Education Education Essay Free Essays

Introduction Sexual activity instruction is perchance one of the most talked-about subjects presents, particularly among concerned citizens and the authorities. Sexual activity is a natural thing for all of us and it is merely right for the research workers every bit good as the readers to cognize and larn more about it. But the inquiry is, is it right for sex instruction to be taught in primary schools? This research paper tackles the different issues about sex instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Issues About Sex Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It contains the pros and cons of learning sex instruction in primary schools. Opinions from different sides such as instructors in primary and secondary schools are considered. With such divisions, the reader can come close their ain comprehension of the subject and therefore lend ways to help the primary pupils sing this affair. In this research paper, the research workers would wish to demo the readers the importance of instructors ‘ perceptual experience on learning sex instruction in primary schools. The research workers are convinced that this paper will be of great value to pupils and instructors. Conceptual Model Sexual activity Education Teachers Secondary Primary Percept Statement of the Problem The survey aimed to happen out the instructors ‘ position on learning sex instruction in primary schools. What is the general profile of the respondents in footings of: Age Civil Status Gender Capable instruction What are the instructors ‘ positions of learning sex instruction in primary schools? What are the issues/concerns of instructors in the instruction of sex instruction primary schools? Is there a important difference on how the instructors view the instruction of sex instruction when compared by primary and secondary schools? Hypothesis There is no important difference between the positions of the instructors from primary and secondary schools. Premises of the Study The research workers assume that the questionnaires distributed to the respondents are answered candidly and truthfully, and that all informations that will be gathered is dependable to the survey. The research workers besides assume that the personal values may impact the respondent ‘s reaction to the inquiries given and personal experiences may act upon the response to the inquiry. Research Locale The survey will be conducted in Southville International School and Colleges located at 1281 Tropical Ave. cor. Luxembourg St. , BF International, Las Pinas City, Philippines. The school will be the focal point of the survey because it is more convenient to the research workers, it has a large population and it is suited for the survey. Significance of the survey Parents: They will be guided on doing the determination of allowing their kids analyze sex instruction in the school where their kids are analyzing. Students: They will hold an thought about what they can acquire from larning sex instruction. They will be cognizant that the really bosom of this issue is for their hereafter. Scope and Restrictions: The research focused on the perceptual experiences of the instructors towards learning sex instruction in primary schools. The respondents are the instructors in primary and secondary degree of school twelvemonth 2010-2011, from Southville International School and Colleges. Definition of Footings Curricula- are the classs offered by an educational establishment. It is besides a set of classs representing an country of specialisation. Mandatory- can besides be mandatory the instruction of sex instruction is obligatory. Optional- the instruction of sex instruction for immature people is non mandatory. Perception- is a consequence of perceiving, observation, a mental image, or construct. Primary school- includes classs one to six. Secondary school- a school normally including old ages 7 to 10. Sexuality- is an look of sexual receptiveness or involvement particularly when inordinate. Sexual activity wise- it is a 12 portion series which discussed sex instruction, household life instruction, contraceptive method, household life instruction, contraceptive method and parenting. Sexual activity Education- is an instruction about human sexual anatomy, reproduction, and intercourse and other human sexual behavior. Young people- are besides referred to as adolescents or kids ages between to 10 to 12. Review of Related Literature Sexual activity Education It is sometimes called gender instruction or sex and relationships instruction, is the procedure of geting information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual individuality, relationships and familiarity. Sexual activity instruction is besides about developing immature people ‘s accomplishments so that they make informed picks about their behaviour, and experience confident and competent about moving on these picks. It is widely accepted that immature people have a right to arouse instruction. This is because it is a agency by which they are helped to protect themselves against maltreatment, development, unintended gestations, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and AIDS. It is besides argued that supplying sex instruction helps to run into immature people ‘s rights to information about affairs that affect them, their right to hold their demands met and to assist them bask their gender and the relationships that they form. It aims to cut down the hazards of potentially negative results from sexual behaviour, such as unwanted or unplanned gestations and infection with sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. It besides aims to lend to immature people ‘s positive experience of their gender by heightening the quality of their relationships and their ability to do informed determinations over their life-time. Sexual activity instruction that works, by which we mean that it is effectual is sex instruction that contributes to both these purposes therefore assisting immature people to be safe and bask their gender. ( http: //www.avert.org/sex-education.htm, 2010 ) Beliefs Young people can be exposed to a broad scope of attitudes and beliefs in relation to sex and gender. These sometimes appear contradictory and confusing. For illustration, some wellness messages emphasize the hazards and dangers associated with sexual activity and some media coverage promotes the thought that being sexually active makes a individual more attractive and mature. Because sex and gender are sensitive topics, immature people and sex pedagogues can hold strong positions on what attitudes people should keep, and what moral model should regulate people ‘s behavior – these excessively can sometimes look to be at odds. Young people are really interested in the moral and cultural models that bind sex and gender. They frequently welcome chances to speak about issues where people have strong positions, like abortion, sex before matrimony, sapphic and cheery issues and contraceptive method and birth control. It is of import to retrieve that speaking in a balanced manne r about differences in sentiment does non advance one set of positions over another, or intend that one agrees with a peculiar position. Part of researching and understanding cultural, spiritual and moral positions is happening out that you can hold to differ. Effective sex instruction besides provides immature people with an chance to research the grounds why people have sex, and to believe about how it involves emotions, regard for one ego and other people and their feelings, determinations and organic structures. Young people should hold the opportunity to research gender differences and how ethnicity and gender can act upon people ‘s feelings and options. They should be able to make up one’s mind for themselves what the positive qualities of relationships are. It is of import that they understand how intimidation, pigeonholing, maltreatment and development can negatively act upon relationships. . ( As besides stated at the web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.avert.org/sex-education.htm, 2010 ) Sexual activity instruction worldwide Africa Sexual activity instruction in Africa has focused on stemming the turning AIDS epidemic. Most authoritiess in the part have established AIDS instruction plans in partnership with the World Health Organization and international NGOs. These plans were undercut significantly by the Global Gag Rule, an enterprise put in topographic point by President Reagan, suspended by President Clinton, and re-instated by President Bush. The Global Gag Rule â€Å" †¦ required nongovernmental organisations to hold as a status of their reception of Federal financess that such organisations would neither execute nor actively promote abortion as a method of household planning in other states. † The Global Gag Rule was once more suspended as one of the first official Acts of the Apostless by United States President Barack Obama. The incidences of new HIV transmittals in Uganda decreased dramatically when Clinton supported a comprehensive sex instruction attack ( including information about cont raceptive method and abortion ) . Harmonizing to Ugandan AIDS militants, the Global Gag Rule undermined community attempts to cut down HIV prevalence and HIV transmittal. Europe Suomi In Filand, sexual instruction is normally incorporated into assorted obligatory classs, chiefly as portion of biological science lessons ( in lower classs ) and subsequently in a class related to general wellness issues. The Population and Family Welfare Federation provide all 15-year-olds an introductory sexual bundle that includes an information booklet, a rubber and a sketch love narrative. England and Wales In England and Wales, sex instruction is non mandatory in schools as parents can decline to allow their kids take portion in the lessons. The course of study focuses on the generative system, foetal development, and the physical and emotional alterations of adolescence, while information about contraceptive method and safe sex is discretional and treatment about relationships is frequently neglected. Britain has one of the highest adolescent gestation rates in Europe and sex instruction is a het issue in authorities and media studies. In a 2000 survey by the University of Brighton, many 14 to 15 twelvemonth olds reported letdown with the content of sex instruction lessons and felt that deficiency of confidentiality prevents adolescents from inquiring instructors about contraceptive method. France In France, sex instruction has been portion of school course of study since 1973. Schools are expected to supply 30 to 40 hours of sex instruction, and base on balls out rubbers, to pupils in classs eight and nine. In January 2000, the Gallic authorities launched an information run on contraceptive method with Television and wireless musca volitanss and the distribution of five million cusps on contraceptive method to high school pupils. Germany In Germany, sex instruction has been portion of school course of study since 1970. Since 1992 sex instruction is by jurisprudence a governmental responsibility. It usually covers all topics refering the growing-up procedure, organic structure alterations during pubescence, emotions, the biological procedure of reproduction, sexual activity, partnership, homosexualism, unwanted gestations and the complications of abortion, the dangers of sexual force, kid maltreatment, and sex-transmitted diseases, but sometimes besides things like sex places. Most schools offer classs on the right use of contraceptive method. A sex study by the World Health Organization refering the wonts of European adolescents in 2006 revealed that German adolescents care about contraceptive method. The birth rate among 15- to 19-year-olds was really low – merely 11.7 per 1000 population, compared to the UK ‘s 27.8 births per 1,000 population, and-in first place-Bulgaria ‘s 39.0 births per 1,000. Poland In the Western point of position, sex instruction in Poland has ne’er really developed. At the clip of the People ‘s Republic of Poland, since 1973, it was one of the school topics ; nevertheless, it was comparatively hapless and did non accomplish any existent success. After 1989, it practically vanished from the school life – it is presently an sole topic ( called wychowanie do A?ycia w rodzinie/family life instruction instead than edukacja seksualna/sex instruction ) in several schools their parents must give consent to the schoolmasters so their kids may go to. It has much due to the strong expostulation against sex instruction of the Catholic Church ; the most influential establishment in Poland. It has, nevertheless, been changed and since September 2009 sex instruction will go an obligatory topic in the figure of 14 per school twelvemonth – unless parents do non desire their kids to be taught. Objecting parents will hold to compose particular dissensions. North America United States About all U.S. pupils receive some signifier of sex instruction at least one time between classs 7 and 12 ; many schools begin turn toing some subjects every bit early as classs 5 or 6. However, what pupils learn varies widely, because course of study determinations are so decentralised. Many provinces have Torahs regulating what is taught in sex instruction categories or leting parents to choose out. Some province Torahs leave course of study determinations to single school territories. Two chief signifiers of sex instruction are taught in American schools: comprehensive and abstinence-only. Comprehensive sex instruction covers abstinence as a positive pick, but besides teaches about contraceptive method and turning away of STIs when sexually active. A 2002 survey conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that 58 % of secondary school principals describe their sex instruction course of study as comprehensive. Abstinence-only sex instruction tells adolescents that they should be sexually abstentious until matrimony and does non supply information about contraceptive method. In the Kaiser survey, 34 % of high-school principals said their school ‘s chief message was abstinence-only. The difference between these two attacks, and their impact on adolescent behaviour, remains a controversial topic. In the U.S. , teenage birth rates had been dropping since 1991, but a 2007 study showed a 3 % addition from 2005 to 2006. From 1991 to 2005, the per centum of teens describing that they had of all time had sex or were presently sexually active showed little diminutions. However, the U.S. still has the highest adolescent birth rate and one of the highest rates of STIs among teens in the industrialised universe. Public sentiment polls conducted over the old ages have found that the huge bulk of Americans favour broader sex instruction plans over those that teach merely abstinence, although abstention pedagogues late published canvass informations with the opposite decision. On the other manus, advocates of abstinence-only sex instruction object to curricula that fail to learn their criterion of moral behaviour ; they maintain that a morality based on sex merely within the bounds of matrimony is â€Å" healthy and constructive † and that value-free cognition of the organic structure may take to immoral, unhealthy, and harmful patterns. Within the last decennary, the federal authorities has encouraged abstinence-only instruction by maneuvering over a billion dollars to such plans. Some 25 provinces now decline the support so that they can go on to learn comprehensive sex instruction. Funding for one of the federal authorities ‘s two chief abstinency-only support plans, Title V, was extended merely until December 31, 2007 ; Congress is debating whether to go on it past that day of the month. The impact of the rise in abstinence-only instruction remains a inquiry. To day of the month, no published surveies of abstinence-only plans have found consistent and important plan effects on detaining the oncoming of intercourse. In 2007, a survey ordered by the U.S. Congress found that in-between school pupils who took portion in abstinence-only sex instruction plans were merely every bit likely to hold sex ( and utilize contraceptive method ) in their teenage old ages as those who did non. Abstinence-only advocators claimed that the survey was flawed because it was excessively narrow and began when abstinence-only course of study were in their babyhood, and that other surveies have demonstrated positive effects. Harmonizing to a 2007 study, Teen pregnancies in the United States showed 3 % addition in the adolescent birth rate from 2005 to 2006, to about 42 births per 1,000. Virginia Virginia uses the sex instruction plan called, The National Campaign to forestall adolescent and unplanned gestation. The National Campaign was created in 1996. The plan focuses on forestalling adolescent and unplanned gestations of immature grownups. The National run set a end to cut down adolescent gestation rate by 1/3 in 10 old ages. The Virginia Department of Health ranked Virginia 19th in adolescent gestation birth rates in 1996. Virginia was besides rated 35.2 adolescent births per 1000 misss aged 15-19 in 2006. The Healthy people 2010 end is a adolescent gestation rate at or below 43 gestations per 1000 females age 15-17. Asia The province of sex instruction plans in Asia is at assorted phases of development. Indonesia, Mongolia, South Korea have a systematic policy model for learning about sex within schools. Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have assessed adolescent generative wellness demands with a position to developing adolescent-specific preparation, messages and stuffs. India has plans aimed at kids aged nine to sixteen old ages. In India, there is a immense argument on the course of study of sex instruction and whether it should be increased. Attempts by province authoritiess to present sex instruction as a mandatory portion of the course of study have frequently been met with rough unfavorable judgment by political parties, who claim that sex instruction â€Å" is against Indian civilization † and would misdirect kids. ( Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan have no coordinated sex instruction plans. ) In Japan, sex instruction is compulsory from age 10 or 11, chiefly covering biological subjects such as menses and interjection. In China and Sri Lanka, sex instruction traditionally consists of reading the reproduction subdivision of biological science text editions. In Sri Lanka they teach the kids when they are 17-18 old ages. However, in 2000 a new five-year undertaking was introduced by the China Family Planning Association to â€Å" advance generative wellness instruction among Chinese adolescents and single young person † in 12 urban territories and three counties. This included treatment about sex within human relationships every bit good as gestation and HIV bar. The International Planned Parenthood Federation and the BBC World Service ran a 12-part series known as Sexwise, which discussed sex instruction, household life instruction, contraceptive method and parenting. It was foremost launched in South Asia and so extended worldwide. Acrimonious Argument over Sexual activity Education in the Philippines The educational faculty â€Å" Adolescent Sexual Health, † though non yet released to all high schools in the Philippines, has already drawn heavy unfavorable judgment from the Roman Catholic Church, pro-life militants, and some parents. â€Å" The manner it is being taught deficiencies the fear, the polish that the capable affair demands, † said Jo Imbong, legal officer of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines. Deciding when to learn kids about sex should be left to their parents, he said. But Professor Corazon Raymundo, manager of the University of the Philippines ‘ Population Institute ( UPPI ) , said sex instruction in schools is necessary because it is non in the state ‘s civilization for parents to discourse sex with their kids. The instruction section, which presented the faculty as a response to the state ‘s flourishing population growing, emphasized it is non a sex manual but instead a instruction usher covering with household planning, generative wellness, and the dangers of early and pre-marital sex. Harmonizing to a UPPI study, 23 per centum of Filipinos ages 15-24 engaged in pre-marital sex in 2002, up from 18 per centum in 1994. The prevalence of bad sexual behaviours among striplings rose from 20 per centum in 1994 to 27 per centum in 2002. Further, this age group now accounts for 17 per centum of all induced abortions in the state. â€Å" It ‘s high clip that the ignorance of striplings be addressed in a manner that will let them to do an informed pick, † said Solita Monsod, former economic planning secretary. Now, nevertheless, instruction functionaries have responded to the unfavorable judgment by retreating the faculty â€Å" for farther communications among stakeholders. † Before it is returned to schools, some subdivisions will be revised, said Lolita Andrada, the faculty ‘s editor and the manager of the Bureau of Secondary Education. In peculiar, the subdivision on safe sex, which some viewed as a publicity of promiscuousness, will be rewritten, Andrada said. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thebody.com/content/news/art23803.html, 2010 ) Dep.Ed. sued over sex instruction program MANILA, Philippines ( UPDATE ) – The former legal officer of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines on Monday sued the Department of Education for integrating sex instruction in the course of study of simple and high school pupils. In an interview, attorney Jo Aurea Imbong said she filed the instance in behalf of 30 concerned parents who opposed the sex instruction program. She described the sex instruction plan as a signifier of â€Å" prophylactic imperialism † that assaults moral esthesias and values of immature people and really encourages sexual promiscuousness. â€Å" We have examined the faculties being used by DepEd and found that it promotes household planning, generative wellness and demographic development in topics such as Mathematicss, Science and English. It is specifically designed to transform the attitudes, behaviour and societal norms of immature people based on a foreign theoretical account, † she told abs-cbnNEWS.com. Imbong said the category suit aims to halt DepEd from implementing Memorandum No. 26, which integrates sex instruction in the course of study for private and public schools. She said the plan changes the attitudes and values of kids particularly in Christian households. Imbong said sex instruction was already being implemented in the basic instruction course of study 12 old ages ago, and the new DepEd memo merely updates the faculties. She said following the sex instruction program will fast-track moral decay among immature people who are exposed to sex at an early age. â€Å" While wonder is normal for immature people, it is still the primary duty of the parents and households to inform their kids about sex, † she said. She besides noted that the sex instruction plan is having funding from the United Nations Fund for Population Activities ( UNFPA ) . In response, Education Secretary Mona Valisno said the sex instruction plan is still being pilot-tested and that the treatments will concentrate on the scientific discipline of reproduction, physical attention and hygiene, right values and the norms of interpersonal dealingss to avoid prenuptial sex and adolescent gestation. She said the Deped consulted different sectors about the plan including the CBCP and the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas. She said parents who were consulted about the plan were really happy with it particularly since it provides relevant information to kids. She besides questioned why a tribunal instance was filed particularly since the plan does non belie the authorization of DepEd to protect kids ‘s rights to quality instruction. â€Å" Our course of study does n’t speak about rubbers and such. It ‘s merely exposure to the kids to the right information in order for them to do the right determination†¦ Kung hindi natin kailangan, so the new secretary of instruction can alter it, † she told ANC. She said the sex instruction program seeks to conflict the high per centum of indefensible gestations in the state, which is one of the 10 highest in the universe, and prevent dropouts as a consequence of teenage gestations. She said the subjects integrated into the faculties will be scientific and enlightening and are non designed to tickle lubricious involvement. In Science, sex instruction subjects will cover the generative system, parts of the organic structure, generative rhythm, and pubescence. Under Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan ( EPP ) , proper behaviour among and between equals of different genders will be discussed. In Health categories under MAPEH ( Music, Arts, PE and Health ) , personal hygiene and generative wellness will be portion of the lessons. In Heograpiya, Kasaysayan, at Sibika ( HEKASI ) classes, treatment will include the place of faith on prenuptial sex and the norms when people of opposite sex interact.A In Math categories, informations on issues like prenuptial sex, adolescent gestation, and sexually transmitted infections will be used in analyzing mathematical analysis and statistics. ( Dizon, 2010 ) How to cite Different Issues About Sex Education Education Essay, Essay examples

Kinsta vs WP Engine - Compared Based on Real Survey and Performance Data

Struggling to choose between Kinsta vs WP Engine to host your WordPress site? Both are high-quality managed WordPress hosts with similar price points, so it can definitely be tough to figure out which one is right for you.To help you make the right choice, well compare Kinsta vs WP Engine based on five key metrics, including real performance test data and the results from our WordPress hosting survey of over 800+ WordPress webmasters. In total, well compare them based on:FeaturesPerformanceUptimeSupportPricingLets dive in! Go to topâš™ï ¸  FeaturesFirst up, let’s talk about features. This is particularly important when you’re looking at managed hosting providers, since you’ll be paying a premium in return for help in keeping your website running optimally.KinstaKinsta  offers the following with all of its plans:A centralized dashboard where you can review and make adjustments to your site(s).Analytics tracking for key metrics, such as number of visitors a nd bandwidth usage.Various security features, including firewalls, SSL support, and uptime monitoring.Support for developer tools such as WP-CLI, SSH, and Git.A customizable multi-user feature, which lets you give team members specific levels of access.Daily backups of your website (you can also pay extra for more frequent backups)Easy-to-use staging options.Free site migrations.WP EngineWP Engine offers the following with all of its plans:Automatic WordPress updates.Security features including managed threat mitigation and two-factor account protection.A page performance tool that enables you to monitor your site’s speed and other key metrics.Free access to the Genesis Framework, and 35+ themes built using it.Daily offsite backups.Multiple SSL certificate options.Development and staging sites.Free site migrations.The winner: KinstaThere’s no doubt that both of these providers offer many important features, and each will do a lot to optimize, manage, and protect your s ite. In addition, they received near-identical scores in our hosting survey, where users were asked to reflect on their WordPress-specific options and support.Kinsta has a slight edge here, however, thanks to the extra analytics features, developer tools, and a few key security solutions.Go to top📈 Performance WP Engine was a little faster in our testsOffering a lot of features is important – but this means nothing if your site runs poorly. Fortunately, both hosting providers do a lot to optimize your site and help it keep up with high levels of traffic. For example, each provider will give you access to a Content Delivery Network (CDN), and offers performance scaling options.The question is, do all of those optimizations actually bring results? Let’s look at some data on Kinsta vs WP Engine from our CodeinWP hosting performance survey. These are the actual loading speeds we’ve measured using test sites hosted on each provider’s entry-level plan. Heres the performance comparison for the average load time over six months:Testing LocationKinsta*WP Engine**New York1.68s0.76sStockholm1.32s1.02sMelbourne3.28s1.30s*Kinsta server location: Virginia, U.S. **WP Engine server location: Michigan, U.S.The winner: WP EngineAgain, both providers have done well in this area, with acceptable loading times across the board (save for Kinsta’s performance in Melbourne, which is on the slow side). However, WP Engine is the standout here, with all three times staying consistently under the 1.5 second mark.Go to top⠏ ²Ã¯ ¸  Uptime Both are rock-solidAs part of our commitment to help people choose the right WordPress hosting, we monitor uptime for popular hosts, including both Kinsta and WP Engine.Heres how the two stacked up over the previous three months:August 2018September 2018October 2018Kinsta99.99%100%99.94%WP Engine99.99%100%99.99%To view the most recent uptime data, check out our real-time uptime monitoring page.The winner: It ’s a tieAs you can see, both hosts are well above 99.9%. You wont go wrong with either when it comes to uptime.Go to top👠 Support Both got top marks in our hosting surveyNext, let’s turn our attention to support. Your managed WordPress hosting provider will be taking care of a lot of your site’s upkeep for you, but you’re still likely to have questions or need help from time to time. You’ll need reliable access to support that’s helpful and knowledgeable about the platform.Both Kinsta and WP Engine offer 24/7 support via multiple channels, including a live chat option. In addition, both claim to have a team of knowledgeable WordPress experts, who can help with both general hosting queries and specific platform-related issues.So, how do Kinsta vs WP Engine fare when it comes to actually providing helpful and timely support? To answer this question, we’ll turn again to the results of our hosting survey, where we asked real user s of both platforms to report on their experiences.Here’s what they said:Kinstas overall support rating: 4.9Kinstas WordPress-specific support rating: 4.9WP Engines overall support rating: 4.7WP Engines WordPress-specific support rating: 4.7The winner: It’s a tieTechnically speaking, Kinsta has a tiny lead in both categories. However, we’re going to award this category to both platforms, as each had outstanding results when it came to general and platform-specific support. In our hosting survey, Kinsta and WP Engine ranked higher than every other hosting provider in support, so you’ll be in good hands with either company.Go to top💠¸ Pricing Kinsta is a  little cheaperIn a perfect world, pricing wouldn’t matter. Realistically speaking, however, whatever hosting provider you choose has to fit into your budget. With that in mind, let’s see how Kinsta vs WP Engine compare when it comes to cost.KinstaKinsta offers a wide range of plans, spanning from a single site with 20,000 visits at $30 per month, to 80 sites with 1.5 million combined visits for a whopping $900 per month.There are a few extra features included with the higher-level plans, but for the most part the service you’ll receive remains consistent, regardless of the tier you select.WP Engine:WP Engine’s plans are more straightforward, with three primary tiers (along with the option to create a plan tailored to your business). The starter plan is slightly more expensive than the comparable plan at Kinsta, but you also get more visits per month and storage.The features you’ll receive with each tier are also fairly similar, although there are a number of additional add-on options you can only get with a custom plan.The winner: KinstaThis is another close category, but Kinsta offers a more affordable range of starter-plan options, with a similar feature set. In addition, when we asked respondents to our hosting survey about the perceive d value they received for their money, they rated Kinsta at an average of 4.3/5, while WP Engine came in at 3.7/5.Go to top🠏† Kinsta vs WP Engine: Whos the overall winner?Ultimately, both of these providers have performed well, and we’d consider either one a high-quality choice for your WordPress site.If you’re looking for the ultimate in managed WordPress hosting, though, we have to declare Kinsta the overall winner. Here’s a summary of what this provider has to offer:A wide-ranging set of features, including lots of advanced tools for tracking your sites performance and engaging in some hands-on development.Top-notch customer support, including excellent knowledge when it comes to the WordPress platform itself.Affordable entry-level plans, and lots of scalability in terms of pricing.That’s a pretty impressive resume!If youre still on the fence and want a more detailed look at each host, check out our full WP Engine review and Kinsta review.Go to topConclusionChoosing the right web host is always important, but it’s particularly vital if youre opting for managed hosting. You’ll be handing over a lot of the responsibility for maintaining and optimizing your site to a third party, which means you’ll want to be confident they can do a good job.When it comes to managed WordPress hosting, the choice often comes down to Kinsta vs WP Engine. Both are top-tier affordable options, and each has its own set of advantages. In our comparison, however, Kinsta came out on top thanks to its excellent feature set, support, and scalability.Is there anything else you want to know about the differences between Kinsta vs WP Engine? Let us know in the comments! #WordPress hosting! @Kinsta vs @WPEngine - here's what the data says about these two hosts

solum law Essay

solum law Essay solum law Essay Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 66 Issue 1 Symposium on Classical Philosophy and the American Constitutional Order Article 8 January 1990 Pluralism and Modernity Lawrence B. Solum Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence B. Solum, Pluralism and Modernity, 66 Chi.-Kent. L. Rev. 93 (1990). Available at: http://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol66/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact jwhipple@kentlaw.iit.edu. PLURALISM AND MODERNITY LAWRENCE I. B. SOLUM* INTRODUCTION This essay considers the claim that liberalism offers an impoverished and narrow vision of human association. One of the classic statements of this claim is found in the early Marx. He wrote that the freedom provided by liberalism "is that of a man treated as an isolated monad and withdrawn into himself."' This conception of freedom, he continued, "is not based on the union of man with man, but on the separation of man from man. ' ' 2 Marx's critique is echoed in contemporary political philosophy. Alasdair MacIntyre writes that "Modem politics is civil war carried on by other means."'3 Michael Sandel suggests that the alternative to the liberal regime is strong community, a form of social arrangement that is "constitutive of the shared self-understandings of the participants." '4 These critics of liberalism share a picture of the liberal regime as a social order that favors a particular conception of the human good: an atomistic, individualistic conception that destroys the social basis for community and solidarity.5 Ronald Beiner, in his paper, The LiberalRegime,6 has developed the 7 critique of liberal political theory from a neo-Aristotelian perspective. He offers a powerful elaboration of the claim that liberalism produces an impoverished ethos or way of life and a strong defense of an Aristotelian alternative. I agree with much in this critique. Certainly, Aristotle's moral and political theory offers insights into contemporary debates in constitutional theory and jurisprudence," but there are two aspects of * Professor of Law and William M. Rains Fellow, Loyola Law School, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California. I owe thanks to Ron Beiner, Shelley Marks, and Sam Pillsbury for their remarks on earlier versions of this essay. 1. K. MARx, On the Jewish Question, in SELECTED WRITINGS 53 (D. McLellan ed. 1977). 2. Id. 3. A. MAcINTYRE, AFIER VIRTUE (2d ed. 1984). 4. M. SANDEL, LIBERALISM AND THE LIMITS OF JUSTICE 173 (1982). 5. See Solum, Faith and Justice, 39 DEPAUL L. REV. 1083, 1087 (1990). 6. Beiner, The Liberal Regime, 66 CHi. KENT L. REV. 73 (1990). 7. See generally ARISTOTLE, NiCOMACHEAN ETHIcs (W. Ross trans., J. Urrnson, revisions) and POLITICS (B. Jowett & J. Barnes trans.) in 2 THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ARISTOTLE (J. Barnes ed. 1984). [Hereinafter all citations to these works will refer to the pagination of the Bekker edition or to book and chapter numbers.] 8. See Solum, Virtues and Voices, 66 CHI.-KENT L. REv. 111 (1990); Solum, The Virtues and Vices of a Judge: An Aristotelian Guide to JudicialSelection, 61 S. CAL. L. REV. 1735 (1988); Bros- CHICAGO-KENT LAW REVIEW (Vol. 66:93 Beiner's paper with which I will take issue. First, I disagree with the claim that Aristotle's moral and political theory is consistent with the fact of pluralism. Second, I take issue with the charge that liberalism is defective because it entails an impoverished ethos. Before exploring these points of contention, let me introduce the concepts that are fundamental to the debate. Beiner develops his critique of

Genes - Definition, Function, and Mutations

Genes - Definition, Function, and Mutations Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes that contain the instructions for protein production. Scientists estimate that humans have as many as 25,000 genes. Genes exist in more than one form. These alternative forms are called alleles and there are typically two alleles for a given trait. Alleles determine distinct traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. The process by which genes are transmitted was discovered by Gregor Mendel and formulated in what is known as Mendels law of segregation. Gene Transcription Genes contain the genetic codes, or  sequences of nucleotide bases in nucleic acids, for the production of specific proteins. The information contained within DNA is not directly converted to proteins, but must first be transcribed in a process called DNA transcription. This process takes place within the nucleus of our cells. Actual protein production takes place in the cytoplasm of our cells through a process called translation. Transcription factors are special proteins that determined whether or not a gene gets turned on or off. These proteins bind to DNA and either aid in the transcription process or inhibit the process. Transcription factors are important for cell differentiation as they determine which genes in a cell are expressed. The genes expressed in a red blood cell, for example, differ from those expressed in a sex cell. An Individual's Genotype In diploid organisms, alleles come in pairs. One allele is inherited from the father and the other from the mother. Alleles determine an individuals genotype or gene composition. The allele combination of the genotype determines the traits that are expressed or the phenotype. A genotype producing the phenotype of a straight hairline, for example, differs from the genotype resulting in a V-shaped hairline. Inherited Through Both Asexual and Sexual Reproduction. Genes are inherited through both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, resulting organisms are genetically identical to a single parent. Examples of this type of reproduction include budding, regeneration, and parthenogenesis. Gametes Fuse to Form a Distinct Individual Sexual reproduction involves the contribution of genes from both male and female gametes that fuse to form a distinct individual. The traits exhibited in these offspring are transmitted independently of one another and may result from several types of inheritance. In complete dominance inheritance, one allele for a particular gene is dominant and completely masks the other allele for the gene.In incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant over the other resulting in a phenotype that is a mixture of both parent phenotypes.In co-dominance, both alleles for a trait are fully expressed. Some Traits Determined by More Than One Gene Not all traits are determined by a single gene. Some traits are determined by more than one gene and are therefore known as polygenic traits. Some genes are located on sex chromosomes and are called sex-linked genes. There are a number of disorders that are caused by abnormal sex-linked genes including hemophilia and color blindness. Variation Helps Adapting to Changing Situations Genetic variation is a change in the genes that occur in organisms in a population. This variation typically occurs through DNA mutation, gene flow (movement of genes from one population to another) and sexual reproduction. In unstable environments, populations with genetic variation are typically able to adapt to changing situations better than those that do not contain genetic variation. Mutations Are From Errors and the Environment A gene mutation is an alteration in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. This change can affect a single nucleotide pair or larger segments of a chromosome. Changing gene segment sequences most often results in non-functioning proteins. Some mutations can result in disease, while others may have no negative impact on or may even benefit an individual. Still, other mutations may result in unique traits such as dimples, freckles, and multicolored eyes. Gene mutations are most commonly the result of environmental factors (chemicals, radiation, ultraviolet light) or errors that occur during cell division (mitosis and meiosis).

Leadership and management issues that might occur in SABMiller Essay

Leadership and management issues that might occur in SABMiller takeover of Fosters - Essay Example The Leadership styles and the organization culture though are quite similar between these cultures yet there are some major differences which can be lethal if not looked into. The British business culture is more formal and there approach is more money oriented while they like to engage in work with people. The management and leadership put more emphasis on organization structure having defined hierarchy and ranks. This approach leads to an organization in which employees have to adhere to strict norms and follow rules while interacting within the organization. Australians on the other hand are less formal and casual in situations, they are more motivated by the organization itself rather than people working around them. The managers like to take direct part in the employee progress and have an environment similar to a coaching culture. They are more performance oriented rather than power oriented indicating that if SABMiller management will have certain issues while making policies and decisions regarding organizational changes. Fosters employees can face lack of motivation when made to work in teams, changing their approach towards monetary returns, int eract formally with peers within the organization and maintain a formal attitude throughout the working day. Management has to employee Change managers typically familiar with both these cultures so as to keep a balance and achieve a balanced workforce. The leadership in UK is more keen on monetary results i.e. they base success on the result on the financial return the team or employee brought rather than the performance in the situation. This leadership style can be troublesome for the Australian employees. ABC.net. (September 22, 201). Unions worried about Fosters job losses. Available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-22/unions-worried-about-fosters-job-losses/2911742/?site=northandwest. Last accessed 10th OCT

Imagination & Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imagination & Identity - Essay Example From the time that one is young, there is a perception and specific reality that is created in terms of identity. Imaginary worlds and friends are some of the main concepts that are applied to this and which create a specific sense of what it means to belong to a specific identity or group. â€Å"Most under – sevens have an invisible friend, and children create their imaginary playmates not out of trauma but out of a serene sense of the possibilities of fiction – sometimes as figures of pure fantasy, sometimes, as observations of grownup manners† (Gopnik, 253). The ability to create an identity and sense of reality through imagination and by mimicking the identity of others is one which can then be expected to stay with children while growing older. This reality and vision is one which is combined not only with ideas of fiction but also with expectations of what one is to become. â€Å"We were always about becoming, not being, about the prospects for the future, not about the inheritance of the past† (Lapham, 45). Both of these articles agree that there is the need to create something from the imagination and to keep depicting that specific reality. The fiction then becomes a sense of identity that one grows into, either by imagining something, mimicking adult behaviors or by believing what one should be. The concept of building a reality out of imagination then leads into the capacity of creating identity. The creation of identity moves beyond the labels in which one holds, such as being a New Yorker or a scientist. More important, are behaviors and mannerisms that are associated with the identity and labels which one believes they have. For instance, when defining New Yorkers, the identity becomes: â€Å"New Yorkers are busy for obvious reasons: they have husbands and wives and careers and children they have the Gauguin show to see and their personal trainers and

The Wretched Of The Earth, Franz Fanon

The Wretched Of The Earth, Franz Fanon Frantz Fanon was a black psychiatrist and author from Martinique who also led a life as a philosopher and revolutionary (Micklin 1). He was from a middle-class family, but soon started supporting very liberal ideas when he personally experienced the abuse of the Martinique people by the French army (at the time, Martinique was a French colony). He spent some time in Lyon for school and even served in the French army. However, he believed that speaking French was a method of accepting French oppression. He wrote a few influential novels, but his most famous novel, The Wretched of the Earth, addressed the abuse of the Algerians by their French colonizers (Micklin 1). Because of its controversy, France eventually banned the book (Ehrenreich 1). Although the novel mainly deals with the struggle of colonized countries in the hands of their European colonizers, it also focuses on how ideology is spread, the effects of imperialism and nationalism, racism, and particularly the role of violen ce in the problem and solution. This book was especially interesting because of its strong style. At first, it seemed that it would be difficult to sympathize with anything in the novel, since it is advertised as a very radical book. But Fanons blunt, passionate words sound so natural and honest that it is almost as if Fanon is lecturing this book from a podium. This is probably because he actually dictated this novel from his deathbed, while he was dying from leukemia (Micklin 1). Fanon wrote this novel so that is has no plot or characters. Instead, he refers to only the colonists and the colonized as the two main opposing forces. He gives some examples of these, most of which are about French Algeria (the French were the colonists and the Algerians were the colonized), since he had seen this occur firsthand. This leads to another reason as to why the book is so effective. Fanon is not speaking from an unbiased perspective. He is putting himself in the place of the colonized, repetitively stating things like the W est wants to condemn us, letting the reader know that the situation has affected him too (57). In addition, this illustrates how passionate he is about the subject since it is personal for him. He also gains credibility and his audience is more likely to listen to him and trust him. Fanon splits this book into five main sections-the first, and perhaps most unforgettable, is called On Violence. In this portion of the text, Fanon basically labels the entire act of colonizing as an act of violence. First of all, the colonists commit violence against the colonized. And in return, the colonized respond with violence. However, the colonists are truly violent. Fanon claims that the work of the colonist is to make even dreams of liberty impossible for the colonized (50). The colonized are only violent in response because that is what it expected of them and it unifies the people (51). This is the only way for them to decolonize and maybe one day reach their goal-according to Fanon-of eventually being the colonists (16). So even though Fanon criticizes colonization as a cycle of violence, he advocates violence as the only solution for colonized to take. The second part of the novel, Grandeur and Weakness of Spontaneity, deals a lot with nationalist parties and the general distrust of rural masses. Fanon discusses the lumpenproletariat, which is the group of people below the working class (81). These people are criminals, prostitutes, homeless people, and anyone who does not fit into the working class. They are crucial for revolutions because they were typically not modernized or educated and probably were not fully integrated into the newly introduced colonial society. Therefore, they would not be oppressed by accepting the new language and culture and would be more willing to take action. So Fanon rallies them to take revolt, as they are probably the most likely to succeed. This is interesting though because if he really is trying to rally the lumpenproletariat, this is a very weak way. The literary rate of the lumpenproletariat probably would not have been very high since they were mostly uneducated. This is only made worse by the fact that this book is particularly difficult to read and understand. So how would the lumpenproletariat be able to read Fanons message (unless they had it tediously dictated to them)? The third section, The Trials and Tribulations of National Consciousness, focuses on racism. Because Frantz Fanon was black, much of his writing is focused on the plights of Africans and their struggles under European rule. But although he focuses on this particular group of people, it is reasonable to assume that his analyses could be extended to most other colonies. Europe, after all, has colonies all across the world and not just in Africa. Another important point Fanon makes in this section is that the behavior of the national bourgeoisie of certain underdeveloped countries is reminiscent of members of a gang who, after every holdup, hide their share from their accomplices and wisely prepare for retirement (118). This is interesting since Fanon obviously portrays the bourgeoisie as the savages as opposed to the less educated, working class. He assumes that their desperation means that their success is short-lived and because of the lack of stable government and political leaders, the army becomes necessary as an arbiter. This continues the cycle of violence just as Fanon mentioned in the first section. In the final section, Colonial War and Mental Disorders, Fanon claims that because of the systematized negation of the other, a frenzied determination to deny the other any attribute of humanity, the colonized are forced to ask who am I in reality? (182). When France colonized the Algerians, the Algerians completely lost their individual identities and their culture. The Europeans impose their own culture on them, but they obviously will never become a true European. This fits in interestingly with their determination to overthrow the government. It is a very smart move to remove each colonized citizens identity, because then they are less likely to fight for themselves if they have no idea who they are. This section was also interesting because it examined different cases of mental disorders resulting from colonization. This included the psychological effects on both the Algerians and the Europeans. So even if a European comes across Fanons novel and is not affected by the Algerians problems, perhaps he would feel sympathy for his fellow Europeans. For example there is the European police officer that met one of his Algerian victims at the hospital (194) and the European police officer that was so used to torturing Algerians that he tortures his own family (196). Both find their personal lives highly influenced by their past actions. This also illustrates that war really does affect everyone, even when it doesnt seem like it. Although this book was interesting and provocative to read, Fanon could have improved in a couple of areas. This novel would have been better if it was more fluid and comprehensible. Fanon seems to jump from point to point without much order. This could partly be attributed to the books translation from French. Since Fanon mostly used his own personal experiences and a few primary sources for the novel, it would have been better with a lot more secondary sources comparing the colonization of Algeria to other instances of colonization. Fanon could have described other situations where colonized people revolted and whether they successfully or unsuccessfully decolonized. If he could have found an example where the colonized used violence successfully, that would have helped his argument a lot. In Jean-Paul Sartres introduction to the novel, he states that many do not agree with Fanons support of violence as a solution (xlvi). But Fanon had valid points in his argument. In fact, maybe F anon should have expanded more on his On Violence section because it seems like this is the only section that offers true solutions to the problem. So Fanon does not necessarily go too far when he says the colonized must rise up and revolt with violence. The colonists used violence during their colonization and didnt seem to listen to the colonizeds protests. So that only leaves violence as a logical solution. Even though this novel is very radical, most of Fanons points are understandable; it is easy to imagine how they could apply to many modern situations-anticolonialism, civil rights, and even our current situation in Iraq. It is interesting to think about this in a time when there are not many direct methods of colonialism. Because of this novels exploration of colonial struggles, The Wretched of the Earth has become one of the most famous novels dealing with decolonization.

The Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal – The Taj – is the â€Å"King Emperor† amongst the World Wonders. The Taj is the final achievement and acme of the Mughal Art. It represents the most refined aesthetic values. It is a fantasy-like grandeur. It is the perfect culmination and artistic interplay of the architects' skill the jewellers' inspiration. The marble in-lay walls of the Taj are amongst the most outstanding examples of decorative workmanship. The elegant symmetry of its exterior and the aerial grace of its domes and minarets impress the beholder in a manner never to be forgotten. It stands out as one of the most priceless national monuments, of surpassing beauty and worth, a glorious tribute to man's achievement in Architecture and Engineering. The Taj is threatened with deterioration and damage not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction. A private sector preservation organization called â€Å"World Monuments Fund† (American Express Company) has published a list of 100 most endangered sites (1996) in the World. The environment of Agra is today beset with problems relating to the inadequacy of its urban infrastructure for transportation, water and electricity. Residential fuel combustion, diesel trains and buses, and back-up generators cause the densest pollution near the Taj Mahal. Constitution of the proposed Agra Ring Road and Bypass that would divert the estimated daily 6,50,000 tons of trans-India truck traffic financing. Strict controls on industrial pollution established in 1982 are being intensively enforced following a 1993 Supreme Court Order. The Asian Development Bank's proposed $300 million loan to the Indian Government to finance infrastructure improvements would provide the opportunity to solve the chronic problems. Agra contains three World Heritage Sites, including the Taj Mahal. † According to the petitioner, the foundries, chemical/hazardous industries and the refinery at Mathura are the major sources of damages to the Taj. The Sulphur Dioxide emitted by the Mathura Refinery and the industries when combined with Oxygen – with the aid of moisture – in the atmosphere forms sulphuric acid called â€Å"Acid rain† which has a corroding effect on the gleaming white marble. Industrial/Refinery emissions, brick-kilns, vehicular traffic and generator-sets are primarily responsible for polluting the ambient air around Taj Trapezium (TTZ). The petition states that the white marble has yellowed and blackened in places. It is inside the Taj that the decay is more apparent. Yellow pallor pervades the entire monument. In places ugly brown and black spots magnify the yellow hue. Fungal deterioration is worst in the inner chamber where the original graves of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal lie. According to the petitioner the Taj – a monument of international repute – is no its way to degradation due to atmosphere pollution and it is imperative that preventive steps are taken and soon. The petitioner has finally sought appropriate directions to the authorities concerned to take immediate steps to stop air pollution in the TTZ and save the Taj. The court considered the affidavit filed by the board and directed the board to issue a public notice. Pursuant to the courts order, the board filed affidavit (5. 8. 93), wherein it stated that public notice was published in two national newspapers calling upon the industries to file their replies during the extended time. The affidavit also states that all listed industries were polluting industries and 507 out of them had not even installed any air pollution control device. The 212industries that did not respond to the notice and failed to take any steps towards installing the pollution control devices were closed by order-dated 27. 8. 93. The court was assisted in its efforts to improve air quality in the TTZ by the reports prepared by the NEERI (National Environment Engineering Research Institute), Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) on the supply of fuel gas to industries in the area and the study conducted by the Vardharajan Committee, which was constituted in May 1994, by the MoEF. Varadharajan Committee made, among others, the following recommendations: â€Å"Steps may be taken to ensure that no new industry including small industries or other units which can cause pollution are located north-west of the Taj Mahal. Efforts may be made to relocate the existing small industries particularly the foundries, in an area southeast of Agra beyond the Taj Mahal so that emissions from these industries will not be in the direction of the monuments. Similar considerations may apply to large industries such as Fertilizer and Petrochemicals. Such industries, which are likely to cause environmental pollution, may not be located in the neighbourhood of the refinery. The Committee further recommends that no large industry in the Agra region and its neighbourhood be established without conducting appropriate detailed studies to assess the environmental effect of such industries on the monuments. Location should be so chosen as to exclude any increase in environmental pollution in the area. †¦ The Committee wishes to record its deep concern regarding the existing level of pollution in Agra. It recommends that an appropriate authority be created which could monitor emissions by industries as well as air quality at Agra on a continuous basis. This authority should be vested with powers to direct industries causing pollution to limit the level of emission and specify such measures as are necessary to reduce the emissions whenever the pollutant level at the monuments exceeds acceptable limits. The Committee particularly desires that recommendations made in regard to reduction of existing pollution levels at Agra should be covered to a time-bound programme and should be implemented with utmost speed. The Committee also recommends that studies should be undertaken by competent agencies to explore the possibility of protecting the monuments by measures such as provision of a green belt around Agra in the region between Mathura and Agra. Even though assurances have been obtained from IOC that adequate precautions would be taken to contain the pollution on account of using coal in the power plant, the Committee is of the opinion that till such time this problem is studies in depth and suitable technologies have been found to be satisfactorily in use elsewhere the use of coal in the refinery power plant should be deferred. The National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) gave an â€Å"Overview Report† regarding status of air pollution around the Taj in 1990. â€Å"The sources of pollution, including small and medium-scale industrial units, are scattered all around Taj Mahal. High air pollution load is thus pumped into the Taj air shed. Sudden rises in concentrat ion level are often recorded in all directions in gaseous as well as particulate pollutant depending upon the local micro climatic conditions. On four occasions during the five-year air quality monitoring, the 4 hrly average values of SO2 at Taj Mahal were observed to be higher than 300 ug/m3, i. e. 10 folds of the promulgated CPCB standard of 30 ug/m3 for sensitive areas. The values exceeded even the standard of 120-ug/m3 set for industrial zones. Statistical analysis of the recorded data indicate that 40% (cumulative percentage level) has crossed the standard set for sensitive receptors/zones. The SPM levels at Taj Mahal were invariably high (more than 200 ug/m3) and exceeded the national ambient air quality standard of 100 ug/m3 for SPM for sensitive locations barring a few days in monsoon months. Another study during 1985-87 brought to fore that the overall status of the ambient air quality within the trapezium has significantly deteriorated over this period. â€Å"The Taj Mahal marble samples analyzed by NEERI in 1993 reveal that the black soot on certain protected surfaces contains 0. 6% Calcium and traces of Sulphate. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that soot and quartz (Silicon Dioxide) and the major constituents of the black coating at Taj Mahal (Lal and Holden, ES & T, April 1981). The origin of soot can be traced back to the fuel consumption around the sensitive receptor, while quartz is derived from geocrustal origin and causes surface abrasion. Soot in itself is not chemically destructive, but with tar it acts as a soiling agent. Absorption of the acidic gases is enhanced due to the presence of soot/smoky matter resulting in long-term effects. Further, the presence of soot reduces the aesthetic value of the monument. Ambient air around Taj Mahal is polluted primarily from point/line sources and has adverse impacts on building material by alteration of marble and sandstone structures at microcrystalline level. The earlier studies have revealed that the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and SPM (predominantly soot and carbon particles) are relatively high during winter months due to the frequent inversion conditions restricting vertical dispersion. During monsoon seasons, suspended particles are washed away and this cycle of pollutant builds up and subsequent removal continues exposing fresh surface of the monument to the pollutant. The period industrial development of Agra-Mathura region has resulted in acidic emissions into the atmosphere at an alarming rate. This causes serious concern on the well being of Taj Mahal. †¦ The gaseous pollutants being acidic in nature, significantly both the as well as the biotic components of the ecosystem like plants and building material like marble and red stone. The sources of pollution in Agra region as per the report of the Central Pollution Control Board are iron foundries, Ferro-alloyed industries, rubber processing, lime processing, engineering, chemical industry, brick refractory and vehicles, Mathura Refinery and Ferozabad Glass Industry. On 3 August 1995, the court formed a tentative view that polluting industries in the TTZ would have to be relocated and sought the assistance of the Union Government to device an appropriate solution. Taj, being a cultural heritage is an industry by itself. More than two million tourists visit Taj every year and this is a good source of revenue for the country. The court had monitored this petition for over three years with the objective of preventing and protecting the Taj from deterioration and damage due to atmosphere and environmental pollution. It cannot be disputed that the use of coal/coke by the industries emits pollution in the ambient air. The objective behind this litigation is to stop pollution while encouraging development of the industries. The old concept that development and ecology cannot go hand in hand is no longer acceptable. The development of the industries is essential but not at the cost of the environment. Orders passed by the court time to time indicate that the relocation of the industries from TTZ is to be resorted to only if the Natural Gas, which has been brought at the doorstep of TTZ is not acceptable/ available by/to the industries as a substitute for coal/coke. The GAIL has already invited the industries in the TTZ to apply for gas connections and industries operating in TTZ with the gas connections need not relocate. The atmospheric pollution in the TTZ has to be eliminated at any cost as it's not just the preservation of monument, which is essential, but also the human life. In August 1999, the Supreme Court struck again, ordering the closure of 53 iron foundries and 107 other factories in Agra that had not cleaned up their act. The order has become a call to arms for foundry owners, workers, trade union representatives and small-scale industry. However, industry is buying time: it filed a review petition through the Uttar Pradesh State government and obtained a reprieve on the court order's implementation. The matter comes again before the Supreme Court this summer. In the meantime, Agra's Iron Founders' Association is building up their case. They argue that 3,000 cottage and engineering units depend on the foundries, and that they directly or indirectly employ about 300,000 workers. They hold that the technology for using natural gas in their industries is not yet ready. Taj trapezium project's phase II gets green signal Buoyed by a decline in the pollution levels around the Taj trapezium with the successful implementation of the first phase of the afforestation project, the state administration has okayed the Rs 15. 0-crore second phase. The success of the plantation scheme assumes significance since a report prepared by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, had pointed out how â€Å"pollution inventory of Agra reflected high concentration of NO2, SO2 and CO2†. Apart from a vigorous re-run of the plantation campaign in the Taj city, this ph ase envisages greening of â€Å"sensitive receptors† of pollution like the heritage monuments and the 42-hectare land strip along the NH-2 (Delhi-Agra-Kanpur), NH-3 (Delhi-Agra-Mumbai) and NH-11 (Jaipur-Agra) highways. A 3

Historical Issues of Drug Abuse and Caregivers - 531 Words

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